Cambodia Has to Cope With its Global Connection

Global misery: Cambodian women workers, who once benefited from foreign orders for garments, are now facing unemployment. (Photo: Anne-Laure Porée)

Once the poster child for the benefits of globalization, Cambodia is now being asked to cope with its darker side in the aftermath of the financial crisis. The four pillars of the country’s economy – tourism, garment-making, construction, and agriculture – are feeling the global pinch in their various ways, writes journalist Anne-Laure Porée. Tourism is down thanks to the global stay-at-home vacation trend. Garment-making has collapsed due to lower US demand and choosey shoppers. Construction, like the rest of the world, plummeted with knock-on effects in consumer banking as rising unemployment led to greater personal loan defaults. Even agriculture, which could still provide positive growth in 2009, faces the uncertainty of weather and the challenges of foreign investment choking off local farmers. Perhaps the only ray of light is the natural resource industry – a sector that has long promised to provide limited value-added components to the economy. The sad part of this story is that the government seems content to wait for a rebound in the global economy, hoping the rising tide abroad will lift Cambodia’s boat. But as Porée notes, to integrate fully into the world economy, Cambodia has to learn how to be more than a supplier of garments based on cheap labor. – YaleGlobal

Waiting for a rebound, Cambodia needs to be more than dressmaker to the world

11 August 2009
By Anne-Laure Porée
YaleGlobal

PHNOM PENH: Defying the gloom descending on the tourism sector brought about by the global crisis, the capital’s airport recently launched a hopeful initiative: a new airline. Cambodia Angkor Air was launched to boost tourism between the capital and Siem Reap near the famed ruins of Angkor Wat. With tourist arrivals falling sharply since late last year, this may signal a triumph of hope over reality. If anything, the hopes and fears surrounding Cambodia’s tourist revenue and garment trade underline how the fortune of the country has become intertwined with the larger world.

Since peace came to Cambodia in the last years of the last century, the country has emerged as a poster child of globalization in Southeast Asia. In the middle of this decade, Cambodia enjoyed double digit growth and even hoisted itself up to 6th place in the rank of the fastest growing economies for the 1998-2007 period.

And now the country is experiencing the downside of dependence on the world. The sectors most affected by the crisis – tourism and garment export – are the ones that have seen the most development thanks to the integration of Cambodia into the global economy a decade ago, after peace was restored in the country. At this time, the economy was opened to foreign investors, who poured money into the garment industry, taking advantage of supports granted to Cambodia such as the Most Favored Nation (MFN) and the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP). This status provided access to the American market and it enabled other Asian investors – Chinese in particular – to get round their own quotas or the Least Developed Country status conferred upon them by the United Nations.

But the happy days are now threatened by the shrinking world market. Of the four major pillars of Cambodian economy – the garment industry, tourism, construction and agriculture – three are seriously impaired by the global crisis. With 70 percent of Cambodia’s garment production going to the US, the declining American economy, choosey shoppers and stay-at-home tourists have led to job losses in Cambodia.